PRESENT PERFECT X SIMPLE PAST

PRESENT PERFECT INFOGRAPHIC

Source: www.teachthemenglish.com

ASKING QUESTIONS IN ENGLISH

Você é daqueles que sempre tem dúvida na hora de fazer uma pergunta em inglês?

Sempre confunde o uso de do, does, did, is, are, etc?

Dê uma olhada na apresentação abaixo e acabe com todas elas.

Check it out!

SIMPLE PAST - PASSADO SIMPLES

O passado simples em inglês não tem segredo. Suas estruturas não variam de acordo com a pessoa. Isso quer dizer que o que se aplica a um pronome vale para todos, seja na afirmativa, na negativa ou na interrogativa. Isso não ocorre no presente, por exemplo.


AFIRMATIVA:

Todos os verbos em inglês possuem três formas: Presente, passado e particípio. Para formular frases na afirmativa e no passado, é preciso saber qual é o passado daquele verbo.

Ex.: 

PRESENTE	PASSADO	PARTICÍPIO
SEE	SAW	SEEN
GO	WENT	GONE
EAT	ATE	EATEN
DRINK	DRANK	DRUNK
COME	CAME	COME
WORK	WORKED	WORKED
STUDY	STUDIED	STUDIED
PLAY	PLAYED	PLAYED

Os verbos são divididos em regulares e irregulares. Os regulares são aqueles cuja forma no passado termina em -ED; os irregulares são aqueles que possuem um passado que não segue essa regra. Confira aqui uma lista com o passado dos verbos irregulares.

NEGATIVAS E INTERROGATIVAS:

Para as negativas e perguntas, não é necessário modificarmos o verbo. Como usaremos auxiliares que se referem exclusivamente ao passado (didn't e did, respectivamente), o verbo ficará no presente, conforme as figuras acima a abaixo:

Veja a tabela:

	AFFIRMATIVE	NEGATIVE	INTERROGATIVE	INT/NEG
I	I SAW	I DIDN'T SEE	DID I SEE?	DIDN'T I SEE?
YOU	YOU SAW	YOU DIDN'T SEE	DID YOU SEE?	DIDN'T YOU SEE?
HE	HE SAW	HE DIDN'T SEE	DID HE SEE?	DIDN'T HE SEE?
SHE	SHE SAW	SHE DIDN'T SEE	DID SHE SEE?	DIDN'T SHE SEE?
IT	IT SAW	IT DIDN'T SEE	DID IT SEE?	DIDN'T IT SEE?
YOU	YOU SAW	YOU DIDN'T SEE	DID YOU SEE?	DIDN'T YOU SEE?
THEY	THEY SAW	THEY DIDN'T SEE	DID THEY SEE?	DIDN'T THEY SEE?
WE	WE SAW	WE DIDN'T SEE	DID WE SEE?	DIDN'T WE SEE?

PERFECT TENSES

Através de tabelas e exemplos, esse post mostrará as características de alguns dos tempos verbais perfeitos em inglês. 

São eles: Present Perfect (e suas diferenças com o Simple Past), Present Perfect + time adverbs, Present Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect e Modal Perfect. Confira abaixo:


PRESENT PERFECT (e suas diferenças com o Simple Past)

	SIMPLE PAST	PRESENT PERFECT
HOW TO USE IT	Action that happened in the past; it’s important to say when it happened, at a specific moment.	Action that happened in the past; it’s not important to say when it happened, at a non-specific moment.
AFFIRMATIVE	I saw the movie yesterday. (pronome + verbo no passado)	I have seen the movie. (I,YOU,THEY, WE + have + verbo no particípio) (HE, SHE, IT + has + verbo no particípio)
NEGATIVE	I didn’t see the movie yesterday. (pronome + didn’t + verbo no presente)	I haven’t seen the movie. (I,YOU,THEY, WE + haven’t + verbo no particípio) (HE, SHE, IT + hasn’t + verbo no particípio)
INTERROGATIVE	Did you see the movie yesterday? (did + pronome + verbo no presente)	Have you seen the movie? (have + I,YOU,THEY, WE  + verbo no particípio) (has + HE, SHE, IT + verbo no particípio)

Mais sobre o Present Perfect: Clique aqui

PRESENT PERFECT + TIME ADVERBS

JEANY SF	USE	TIP
PRESENT PERFECT + JUST	Very recent past	AFF/NEG/INT
PRESENT PERFECT + EVER	Life experience	AFF/INT
PRESENT PERFECT + ALREADY	Action that has happened before expected	AFF/INT
PRESENT PERFECT + NEVER	Life experience	AFF
PRESENT PERFECT + YET	Action that still hasn’t happened	NEG/INT
PRESENT PERFECT + SINCE	When an action has started	AFF/NEG
PRESENT PERFECT + FOR	Duration / Period	AFF/NEG

Mais sobre Present Perfect + Time adverbs: Clique aqui

MODAL PERFECT

    

WOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE	Hypothesis about the past
COULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE	Speculating about possibilities in the past
SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE	Regrets
MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE	Speculating about an action that probably has happened.
MAY HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE	Speculating about an action that maybe has happened.
MIGHT HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE	Speculating about an action that maybe has happened.
CAN’T HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE	Speculating about an action that probably hasn’t happened.

Mais sobre Modal Perfect: Clique aqui

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

	PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
HOW TO USE IT	Action that has started in the past and it is still happening
AFFIRMATIVE	I have been studying here since 2010. (I,YOU,THEY, WE + have been + verbo no ING) (HE, SHE, IT + has been + verbo no ING)
NEGATIVE	I haven’t been studying here since 2010. (I,YOU,THEY, WE + haven’t been + verbo no ING) (HE, SHE, IT + hasn’t  been + verbo no ING)
INTERROGATIVE	Have you been studying here since 2010? (have + I,YOU,THEY, WE  + been +  verbo no ING) (has + HE, SHE, IT + been + verbo no ING)

PAST PERFECT

	PAST PERFECT
HOW TO USE IT	Action that has happened before another action also in the past
AFFIRMATIVE	I had cleaned the house when she arrived (pronome + had + verbo no particípio)
NEGATIVE	I hadn’t cleaned the house when she arrived (pronome + hadn’t + verbo no particípio)
INTERROGATIVE	Had you cleaned the house when she arrived? (had + pronome + verbo no particípio)