sexta-feira, 14 de fevereiro de 2014

ONE POST TO RULE THEM ALL



E se houvesse uma única tabela, com todos os principais tempos verbais em inglês?
Agora há:

VERB TENSE
USE
EXAMPLE

SIMPLE PRESENT*
HABITS
ROUTINE
SCIENTIFIC FACTS
HE DRIVES
HE DOESN’T DRIVE
DOES HE DRIVE?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS*
 RIGHT NOW

FUTURE ARRANGEMENTS
HE IS DRIVING
HE ISN’T DRIVING
IS HE DRIVING?

SIMPLE PAST
ACTIONS AT A SPECIFIC POINT IN THE PAST
HE DROVE
HE DIDN’T DRIVE
DID HE DRIVE?

PAST CONTINUOUS*
ACTIONS DURING A PERIOD IN THE PAST
HE WAS DRIVING
HE WASN’T DRIVING
WAS HE DRIVING?

WILL
PROMISES, PREDICTIONS AND
SPONTANEOUS DECISIONS
HE WILL DRIVE
HE WON’T DRIVE
WILL HE DRIVE?

BE GOING TO*
PLANS AND 
INTENTIONS
HE IS GOING TO DRIVE
HE ISN’T GOING TO DRIVE
IS HE GOING TO DRIVE?

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FUTURE CONTINUOUS
PROGRESSIVE ACTIONS IN THE FUTURE
HE WILL BE DRIVING
HE WON’T BE DRIVING
WILL HE BE DRIVING?

PRESENT PERFECT*
ACTIONS AT A NON-SPECIFIC POINT IN THE PAST
HE HAS DRIVEN
HE HASN’T DRIVEN
HAS HE DRIVEN?

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS*
ACTIONS THAT STARTED IN THE PAST AND ARE STILL HAPPENING
HE HAS BEEN DRIVING
HE HASN’T BEEN DRIVING
HAS HE BEEN DRIVING?

PAST PERFECT
ACTIONS THAT HAPPENED BEFORE ANOTHER ACTION
HE HAD DRIVEN
HE HADN’T DRIVEN
HAD HE DRIVEN?

 PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
 ACTION THAT HAPPENED FOR A PERIOD BEFORE ANOTHER ACTION
 HE HAD BEEN DRIVING
HE HADN’T BEEN DRIVING
HAD HE BEEN DRIVING?

FUTURE PERFECT
ACTION THAT WILL BE COMPLETED IN THE FUTURE
HE WILL HAVE DRIVEN
HE WON’T HAVE DRIVEN
WILL HE HAVE DRIVEN?

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
ACTION THAT WILL CONTINUE UP UNTIL ANOTHER POINT IN THE FUTURE
HE WILL HAVE BEEN DRIVING
HE WON’T HAVE BEEN DRIVING
WILL HE HAVE BEEN DRIVING?


CAN
ABILITY
REQUESTS
POSSIBILITY
PERMISSION
PROHIBITION (NEG)

HE CAN DRIVE
HE CAN’T DRIVE
CAN HE DRIVE?


COULD
ABILITY (PAST)
POLITE REQUESTS
POSSIBILITY (PAST)
PAST OF CAN


HE COULD DRIVE
HE COULDN’T DRIVE
COULD HE DRIVE?


SHOULD

SUGGESTIONS
ADVICES

HE SHOULD DRIVE
HE SHOULDN’T DRIVE
SHOULD HE DRIVE?

WOULD

HYPOTHESIS
HE WOULD DRIVE
HE WOULDN’T DRIVE
WOULD HE DRIVE?

MUST

OBLIGATION
HE MUST DRIVE
HE MUSTN’T DRIVE
MUST HE DRIVE?

MAY
POSSIBILITY
REQUESTS
PERMISSIONS
HE MAY DRIVE
HE MAY NOT DRIVE
MAY HE DRIVE?

MIGHT
POSSIBILITY
REQUESTS
PAST OF MAY
HE MIGHT DRIVE
HE MIGHTN’T DRIVE
MIGHT HE DRIVE?

COULD + MODAL PERFECT 
SPECULATIONS ABOUT POSSIBILITIES IN THE PAST
HE COULD HAVE DRIVEN
HE COULDN’T HAVE DRIVEN
COULD HE HAVE DRIVEN?

SHOULD MODAL PERFECT 

REGRETS
HE SHOULD HAVE DRIVEN
HE SHOULDN’T HAVE DRIVEN
SHOULD HE HAVE DRIVEN?

WOULD MODAL PERFECT 
HYPOTHESIS ABOUT THE PAST
HE WOULD HAVE DRIVEN
HE WOULDN’T HAVE DRIVEN
WOULD HE HAVE DRIVEN?

MUST MODAL PERFECT 
SPECULATION ABOUT AN ACTION THAT PROBABLY HAS HAPPENED
HE MUST HAVE DRIVEN
HE MUSTN’T HAVE DRIVEN
MUST HE HAVE DRIVEN?

MAY MODAL PERFECT 
SPECULATION ABOUT AN ACTION THAT MAYBE HAS HAPPENED
HE MAY HAVE DRIVEN
HE MAY NOT HAVE DRIVEN
MAY HE HAVE DRIVEN?

MIGHT MODAL PERFECT 
SPECULATION ABOUT AN ACTION THAT MAYBE HAS HAPPENED
HE MIGHT HAVE DRIVEN
HE MIGHTN’T HAVE DRIVEN
MIGHT HE HAVE DRIVEN?

CAN’T MODAL PERFECT 
SPECULATION ABOUT AN ACTION THAT PROBABLY HASN’T HAPPENED.
HE CAN’T HAVE DRIVEN
CAN’T HE HAVE DRIVEN?




































































































*Exceções quanto à estrutura:

SIMPLE PRESENT:
Na afirmativa: I, you, they, we (verbo sem "s"); he, she, it: (verbo + s); 
Na negativa: I, you, they, we (don't); he, she, it: (doesn't)
Na interrogativa: I, you, they, we (do); he, she, it: (does);  

PRESENT CONTINUOUS:
O verbo "to be" varia conforme a pessoa: I (am); you, they, we (are); he, she, it: (is)

PAST CONTINUOUS: 
O verbo "to be" varia conforme a pessoa: I, he, she, it: (was); you, they, we (were)

BE GOING TO:
O verbo "to be" varia conforme a pessoa: I (am); you, they, we (are); he, she, it: (is)

PRESENT PERFECT:
O verbo auxiliar varia conforme a pessoa: I, you, they, we (have); he, she, it: (has)

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS:
O verbo auxiliar varia conforme a pessoa: I, you, they, we (have); he, she, it: (has)

Vale lembrar que essa tabela é um resumão. Para entender melhor cada um dos tempos verbais, clique nos links abaixo e confira os posts de cada um deles:

SIMPLE PRESENT
VERB TO BE
VERB + ING
SIMPLE PAST
FUTURE TENSE
MODAL VERBS
MODAL PERFECT
PERFECT TENSES e PERFECT + TIME ADVERBS




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